The diagram below illustrates how an organization can extend its on-premises datacenter to Microsoft Azure.  It's an interactive diagram.  Download the file and open it in your browser.  If Internet Explorer asks you if you want to allow blocked content, you'll need to allow it to enable the interactivity.  This message appears because the page contains script that enables the interactivity.  Clicking your mouse on most objects in the diagram will provide additional details about the design and/or implementation of the object.  

If you already have some experience with Azure, this will help you understand how to use it as a true extension to your on-premises datacenter.  If not, it's recommended that you gain a basic understanding of Azure before using this diagram.  The example data and links within the diagram should save you countless hours of searching for all the information you'll need to extend your on-premises datacenter to Azure.  A video walkthrough of the diagram is also available, as is the video script. The editable Visio diagram and spreadsheet (with data) used in this interactive diagram are available as separate downloads.